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Tetrachlorinated butadienes (TetraCBDs), pentachlorinated butadienes (PentaCBDs) and hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (hexachlorobutadiene or HexaCBD) are environmental contaminants that can occur in groundwater and drinking water at specific sites. While some toxicological data exist for HexaCBD, only few or no toxicity data are available for TetraCBDs and PentaCBDs. In view of structural alerts for potential...
In the present experiments we studied the effects of different durations of a single (continuous), daily exposure, ranging from 1min up to 21min, to the two established systems of digital mobile telephony radiation that are commonly used in Europe, viz. GSM 900MHz (Global System for Mobile telecommunications) and DCS 1800MHz (Digital Cellular System—referred to also as GSM 1800MHz), on a well-tested...
The conventional dicentric assay does not provide an accurate dose estimate in the case of accidental exposure to ionizing radiation above 6Gy due to mitotic delay and poor mitotic index. The present study aims to establish a simple and rapid dose assessment technique based on scoring of rings and fragments in PCC spreads of stimulated lymphocytes. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were gamma irradiated...
The capital city of Prague is one of the most polluted areas of the Czech Republic. The impact of air pollution on the level of chromosomal aberrations was systematically studied: analyses were performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole-chromosome painting for chromosomes #1 and #4. In the present study, we analyzed the levels of stable (one-way and two-way translocations)...
β-Caryophyllene is a bi-cyclic sesquiterpene that occurs in essential oils from several plants. A variety of biological activities have been ascribed to this compound. In particular, it seems to possess anti-carcinogenic properties, due to its capability to induce detoxifying enzymes or to enhance, in vitro and in vivo, the natural killer cell-induced cytotoxicity against tumours. Conversely, the...
Individuals with inherited xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) disorder and Cockayne syndrome (CS) are deficient in nucleotide excision repair and experience hypersensitivity to sunlight. Although there are several diagnostic assays for these disorders, the recovery of RNA synthesis (RRS) assay that can discriminate between XP cells and CS cells is very laborious. Here, we report on a novel non-radioisotope...
We studied the effects and mechanisms of ascorbic acid as a radiation protector. Cell survival, repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were examined in normal human fibroblasts irradiated with X-rays and heavy ions. Post-irradiation treatment with 5mM ascorbic acid for 24h in plateau phase (non-cycling) cells enhanced cell survival and DNA double strand break...
Favorable photo-physical properties and high affinity to nucleic acids make new fluorescent cyanine dyes of the SYBR-type particularly useful for DNA and RNA visualization. The growing popularity of SYBR-type dyes is also explained by the fact that removal of the dye from the nucleic acids by ethanol precipitation is more efficient and less time-consuming than the phenol–chloroform extraction applied...
Formaldehyde (FA) is a major industrial chemical and has been extensively used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and chemicals. The use of FA-containing industrial materials in daily life exposes human to FA extensively. Numerous studies indicate that FA is genotoxic, and can induce various genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. The primary DNA lesions induced by FA are DNA–protein crosslinks...
We examined the mutagenic activity of the anti-oxidant Selol, an organo-selenium compound, by use of the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (Ames test) with strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA 1535 and TA102 in the absence and in the presence of metabolic activation with an S9 fraction from Aroclor-induced rat liver. Doses were 330, 500, 1000 and 5000μg per plate. Selol contains the element selenium...
Cyanobacteria are sometimes widespread in lakes and can produce potent toxins, which can be dangerous for animals that drink the water, e.g. cattle and dogs. If the toxins are taken up by fish and other organisms in the food chain, or occur in drinking-water, they may pose a problem also for humans.Microcystin-LR, a hepatotoxic cyclic peptide, is one of the most frequently found cyanobacterial toxins...
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) are well-known direct-acting transplacental mutagens and carcinogens. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) are also direct-acting but more stable compounds and form a different proportion of the various methyl and ethyl DNA adducts. The transplacental mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of MMS and EMS have not been...
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